First Historical Archives of China: Beijing, China

Junji chu hanwen lufu zhouzhe (Grand Council Chinese-Language Palace Memorial Copies). Abbreviated LFZZ.

Jardine Matheson & Company Archives, Cambridge University Library Department of Manuscripts, Cambridge, England

Accounting and Related Papers. Abbreviated JM A.

In-Correspondence. Abbreviated JM B.

Out-Correspondence. Abbreviated JM C.

Legal Documents. Abbreviated JM F.

Chinese Documents. Abbreviated JM H.

Miscellaneous Correspondence. Abbreviated JM K.

Published Works

Bauer, Rolf. 2019. The Peasant Production of Opium in Nineteenth-Century India. Brill.

Bickers, Robert, and Hans van de Ven, compilers. 2004-2008. China and the West, the Maritime Customs Service Archive from the Second Historical Archives of China, Nanjing. Woodbridge, Conn.: Thomson Gale, Primary Source Microfilm. Abbreviated CMC Film.

Ghosh, Amitav. 2008.Sea of Poppies. Viking Press.

le Pichon, Alain, ed. 2006. China Trade and Empire: Jardine, Matheson & Co. And the Origins of British Rule in Hong Kong 1827-1843. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Trocki, Carl. 1999. Opium, Empire and the Global Political Economy: A Study of the Asian Opium Trade, 1750-1950. Oxon: Routledge.

Yapian zhanzheng zai min tai shiliao xuanbian (Fujian-Taiwan Opium War Materials). 1982. Fuzhou: Fujian renmin chuban she.

Further reading on opium in Asia

Baumler, Alan. 2008. The Chinese and Opium under the Republic: Worse the Floods and Wild Beasts. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Chang, Hsin-Pao. 1964. Commissioner Lin and the Opium War. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Chen, Yung-fa. 1995. “The Blooming Poppy under the Red Sun: The Yan’an Way and the Opium Trade.” In New Perspectives on the Chinese Communist Revolution, edited by Tony Saich and Hans van de Ven, 263-298. New York: M.E. Sharpe.

Deng, Kent G. 2008. “Miracle or Mirage? Foreign Silver, China’s Economy, and Globalization from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries.” Pacific Economic Review 13, no. 3: 320-58.

Dikötter, Frank, Lars Laamann, and Zhou Xun. 2004. Narcotic Culture: A History of Drugs in China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Fairbank, John King. 1953. Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast, The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842-1854. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Fay, Peter Ward. 1997 [1975]. The Opium War, 1840-1842. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.

Foster, Anne L. 2000. “Prohibition as Superiority: Policing Opium in South-East Asia, 1898-1925.” The International History Review 22, no. 2: 253-273.

Grace, Richard J. 2014. Opium and Empire: The Lives and Careers of William Jardine and James Matheson. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

He, Liping. 2007. “Yapian maoyi yu baiyin wailiu guanxi zhi cai jiantao” (Reexamining the relationship of the opium trade and silver outflows). Shehui kexue zhanxian 1: 63-80.

Irigoin, Maria Alejandra. 2013. “A trojan horse in Daoguang China? Explaining the flows of silver in and out of China.” Economic History working papers, 173/13. London: Department of Economic History, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kim, Diana. 2020. Empires of Vice: The Rise of Opium Prohibition Across Southeast Asia. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Kingsberg, Miriam. 2013. Moral Nation: Modern Japan and Narcotics in Global History. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Lin, Man-Houng. 2004. “Late Qing Perceptions of Native Opium.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 64, no. 1: 117-144.

Ma, Mozhen, ed. 1998. Zhongguo jindu shilia 1749 nian–1949 nian (Historical sources on drug prohibition in China, 1749-1949). Tianjin: Tianjin renmin chuban she.

Macauley, Melissa. 2009. “Small Time Crooks: Opium, Migrants and the War on Drugs in China, 1819-1860.” Late Imperial China 30, no. 1: 1-47.

Madancy, Joyce. 2003. The Troublesome Legacy of Commissioner Lin: The Opium Trade and Opium Suppression in Fujian Province, 1820s to 1920s. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Marshall, Jonathan. 1976. “Opium and the Politics of Gangsterism in Nationalist China.” Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 8, no. 3: 19-48.

Martin, Brian. 1996. The Shanghai Green Gang: Politics and Organized Crime, 1919-1937. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Brook, Timothy, and Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, eds. 2000. Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839-1952. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Owen, David Edward. 1968. British Opium Policy in China and India. Hamden, CT: Archon Books.

Platt, Stephen. 2018. Imperial Twilight: The Opium War and the End of China’s Last Golden Age. New York: Knopff.

Rimner, Steffen. 2018. Opium’s Long Shadow: From Asian Revolt to Global Drug Control. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Rush, James R. 2014. Opium to Java: Revenue Farming and Chinese Enterprise in Colonial Indonesia, 1860-1910. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Scheltema, J.F.. 1907. “The Opium Trade in the Dutch East Indies, I.” American Journal of Sociology 13, no. 1: 79-112.

Shen Yanqing. 2013. Heyin zhimin zhengfu yapian shuishou zhengce ji qidui zhaowa huaren shehui de yingxiang (From Opium Farm System to Opium Régie: A Study of Opium Policy in Netherlands East Indies and its Impact on Chinese Society in Java). Xiamen: Xiamen University Press.

Slack, Edward. 2001. Opium, State, and Society: China’s Narco-Economy and the Guomindang, 1924-1937. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.

Trocki, Carl. 2000. “Drugs, Taxes, and Chinese Capitalism in Southeast Asia.” In Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839-1952, edited by Timothy Brook and Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, 79-105. Berkeley: University of California Press.

-----. 1990. Opium and Empire: Chinese Society in Colonial Singapore, 1800-1910. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

-----. 2011. “Opium as a Commodity in the Chinese Nanyang Trade.” In Chinese Circulations: Capital, Commodities, and Networks in Southeast Asia, edited by Eric Tagliacozzo and Wen-chin Chang, 84-106. Durham: Duke University Press.

Wright, Ashley. 2014. Opium and Empire in Southeast Asia: Regulating Consumption in British Burma. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Yang, Timothy M. 2021. A Medicated Empire: The Pharmaceutical Industry and Modern Japan. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Zheng, Yangwen. 2005. The Social Life of Opium in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.