The Case of Saga Domain
Vaccinations in Saga benefited from a relatively high degree of governmental centralization. Whereas town and village physicians took the lead in Fukui and built a professional network of vaccinators across domain borders, in Saga it was domain doctors who were in charge, and their sphere of influence overlapped with that of the domain. The samurai leaders of Saga's three branch domains shared the lord of Saga’s interest in vaccinations, and were willing to place their subjects under the control of the medical office that was in charge of coordinating vaccinations in the main part of the domain [Aoki, 2018].