Bodies and Structures 2.0: Deep-Mapping Modern East Asian HistoryMain MenuGet to Know the SiteGuided TourShow Me HowA click-by-click guide to using this siteModulesRead the seventeen spatial stories that make up Bodies and Structures 2.0Tag MapExplore conceptsComplete Grid VisualizationDiscover connectionsGeotagged MapFind materials by geographic locationLensesCreate your own visualizationsWhat We LearnedLearn how multivocal spatial history changed how we approach our researchAboutFind information about contributors and advisory board members, citing this site, image permissions and licensing, and site documentationTroubleshootingA guide to known issuesAcknowledgmentsThank youDavid Ambaras1337d6b66b25164b57abc529e56445d238145277Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fThis project was made possible in part by a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.
12020-09-23T10:18:55-04:00Weiting Guo08b125beef921c47ad1de3c337b8d14abd2713ab"Fierce Smugglers Caused Disturbance"60plain2021-05-04T20:55:53-04:0027.9994, 120.6668Wenzhou31.2222, 121.4581Shanghai10/09/188610/24/1919Weiting GuoChen HongqiangWenzhou Native-Place Association in ShanghaiGovernor of Zhejiang ProvinceKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T15:49:56-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5f"Building Railroads" 興辦鐵路58Image and Descriptions of Wusong and Tianjin Railways from Dianshizhaiimage_header2021-04-30T12:36:19-04:00Shanghai31.2222, 121.4581Tianjin39.3333, 117.3333Beijing39.92284, 116.401201882-1884Dianshizhai HuabaoWu Youru 吳友如 (Zunyange zhuren 尊聞閣主人, ed.). 申江勝景圖 Shenjiang shengjing tu. Beijing : Quan guo tu shu guan wen xian suo wei fu zhi zhong xin, 2005．Wu Youru 吳友如 (Zunwenge zhuzhu. 尊聞閣主署, ed.). Dianshizhai huabao 點石齋畫報 Dianshizhai: 1884-1898. 24 Volumes.Li Siyi 李思逸. Tielu xiandai xing 鐵路現代性 (Railway Modernity in China). Taibei: Shibao chubanshe, 2020.Nathaniel IsaacsonDianshizhai huabaoTianjin Colliery TramwayWusong RailwayTianjin RailwayKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
1media/guo xuehu 1928 scenery near yuanshan.jpg2019-11-18T17:20:13-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fGuo Xuehu's Prize-winning Essay46Taiwan Government-General Library; Taiwan nichinichi shinpō; Xie Yonghuaplain2021-04-30T12:14:06-04:0025.0383, 121.5641Taipei25.04086, 121.5112225.04537, 121.522531927-1932Magdalena KolodziejTaiwan Government-General LibraryKabayama Elementary School, location of the first Taiwan Fine Arts ExhibitionGuo XuehuXie YongheTaipei Fine Arts MuseumKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:16:26-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fManaging Space and Time Inside the Clinic46plain2021-05-07T23:59:37-04:001852-1853Maren EhlersKasahara RyōsakuKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:16:27-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fVaccine Theft in 1852/5345google_maps2021-05-08T01:06:01-04:001850-1855Maren EhlersKasahara RyōsakuNaitō DōitsuKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:16:27-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5f1857: Reconciling Network and Territory45plain2021-05-08T01:09:07-04:001857Maren EhlersHayashi UnkeiKasahara RyōsakuKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:16:23-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fA Separate Clinic for Nishikata43plain2021-05-09T17:22:06-04:00Sabae35.903320, 136.168458Fuchu35.984868, 136.487710Ono35.944509, 136.18361018571871Maren EhlersKoyama YōjuKasahara RyōsakuKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:58-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fIntroducing the Source39Introducing "The Case Against Shi Hou"plain2021-04-20T17:53:03-04:0039.92284, 116.40120Beijing24.6500, 118.6667Shenhu Bay24.66782, 118.64392YakouPeter D. ThillyShi HouZheng ChenggongKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T15:48:26-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fEducation37Nhân Dân Triều Trung Chiến pamphletplain48092021-05-15T17:13:29-04:001952-1953Michitake AsoViệt MinhVietnam National LibraryTôn Thất TùngKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T15:48:28-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fRural Surveys36Gathering information about suspected biological warfare.structured_gallery2021-05-15T16:43:49-04:0021.034793, 105.811436Northern Vietnam1952Michitake AsoCommittee to Prevent GermsViệt MinhKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:55-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fA Deal is Struck at Lintin, Shi Shubao becomes a Translator35The Shi Family convinces Big and Little Li to bring their ships north to sell opium in Fujian.plain2021-04-27T14:11:15-04:0022.4167, 113.8000Lintin22.17730, 113.54689Macao06/1835Peter D. ThillyShi HouRees, JohnRees, ThomasKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:55-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fYakou becomes a smuggling depot, attracting extortionists34Shi Hou hires employees to facilitate the opium trade with Big and Little Li at Yakou.plain34812021-04-27T14:15:27-04:0024.66782, 118.64392Yakou24.6500, 118.6667Shenhu Bay24.86830, 118.67729Quanzhou1835Peter D. ThillyShi HouShi ShubaoKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:23:01-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fShi Hou and his kinsmen enter the opium game29Shi Hou and his kinsmen enter the opium gameplain34862021-04-20T17:55:18-04:0023.35219, 116.6768222.17730, 113.5468924.66782, 118.64392ShantouMacaoYakou18351822Peter D. ThillyShi HouKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:23:01-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fA gentry-owned opium den, and 10-tael brokerage fees28An opium den, and an attempted extortionplain2021-04-27T14:17:31-04:0024.66782, 118.64392Yakou24.6500, 118.6667Shenhu Bay12/1835-01/1837Peter D. ThillyShi HouKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:56-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fChimmo (Shenhu) Bay28An opium depot on the China coast located between Xiamen and Quanzhou.plain2021-04-27T17:12:44-04:0024.6500, 118.6667Shenhu Bay01/18/1836Peter D. ThillyRees, JohnJardine, WilliamKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:16:26-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fThe "Abundant Aid Record"28plain2021-05-07T17:07:50-04:0035.984018, 136.23969Echizen ProvinceMaren EhlersKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:23:01-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fExperts in the Jardine-Matheson Network27Experts in the Jardine-Matheson Networkplain2021-04-27T17:04:25-04:0022.4167, 113.8000Lintin1833-1855Peter D. ThillyJardine-MathesonRees, JohnKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12020-07-14T13:35:43-04:00Peter Thilly31b16d536038527b575c94bfc34e976c8406bf42Lascars and Manilamen25The laboring people who worked on the Jardine-Matheson shipsplain2021-04-27T17:06:32-04:004.69513, 96.7493915.29932, 74.12399-6.16519, 39.19891-4.04347, 39.668211.12712, 78.6568922.5626, 88.36305.41413, 100.3287514.59951, 120.9842124.48535, 118.0885023.6567, 116.6227522.19874, 113.5438712.78549, 45.01865AcehGoaZanzibarMombasaHosurCalcuttaPenangManilaXiamenChaozhouMacaoAdenLascars1833-1835Peter D. ThillyJardine-Matheson CompanyKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:59-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fLintin24A description of Lintin, the primary opium depot in the Pearl River Delta.plain2021-04-27T17:14:43-04:0022.4167, 113.8000Lintin1820-1839Peter D. ThillyJardine, WilliamKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:55-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fThe Crackdown23The raid on Yakou and arrest of Shi Hou and his compatriotsplain2021-04-27T14:21:53-04:0024.66782, 118.64392Yakou12/1836Peter D. ThillyShi HouKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
1media/redRover.Cropped.jpg2019-11-18T17:22:56-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fCalcutta (Kolkata)23Calcutta was the site of auction for Bengal opium from the Patna and Benares regions.plain2021-04-27T17:23:28-04:0022.5626, 88.3630Calcutta (Kolkata)08/19/1837Peter D. ThillyJardine, WilliamRees, JohnKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T15:48:27-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fA History of Japanese Biological Warfare23Việt Minh Pamphletgallery2021-05-15T17:15:49-04:00Việt MinhMichitake AsoUnit 731Unit 1000Kandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:23:00-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fThe Rees Brothers: Big and Little Li21John and Thomas Rees, aka Big and Little Li, competing opium merchantsplain2021-04-27T14:46:07-04:0024.6500, 118.6667Shenhu Bay01/21/183605/17/1836Peter D. ThillyRees, JohnRees, ThomasKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:56-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fCanton (Guangzhou)21The foreign factories at Canton were key sites for negotiation between British firms and Chinese merchantsplain2021-04-27T17:16:39-04:0023.1167, 113.2500Canton (Guangzhou)1832Peter D. ThillyJardine, WilliamKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:59-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fSingapore21Singapore was the key point of transshipment between India and Chinaplain2021-04-27T17:21:20-04:001.2833, 103.8500Singapore02/26/1836Peter D. ThillyJardine, WilliamKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T15:48:26-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fA History of American Biological Warfare21Việt Minh pamphlet depicts well-known aspects of the American biological weapons programgallery2021-05-15T17:17:56-04:00Việt MinhMichitake AsoAir AmericaKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:59-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fMacao20Macao was a central location for Anglo-Chinese networking in the opium tradeplain2021-04-27T17:19:27-04:0022.17730, 113.54689Macao05/27/1835Peter D. ThillyJardine, WilliamKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:55-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fBombay (Mumbai)19Bombay was the site of auction for Malwa opium bound for China.plain2021-04-27T17:30:22-04:0018.9750, 72.8258Bombay (Mumbai)1838-1843Peter D. ThillyJardine, WilliamKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T15:48:28-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fVietnamese Patriotic Hygiene Movement19The Việt Minh use the PRC's patriotic hygiene movement to motivate peasants in northern Vietnamgallery45142021-05-15T17:26:43-04:00Michitake AsoViệt MinhCommittee to Prevent GermsKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
1media/10_-_hands_shaking_with_euro_bank_notes_inside_handshake_-_royalty_free,_without_copyright,_public_domain_photo_image_01.jpeg2019-11-18T17:22:57-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fCorruption and Bribery17Jardine-Matheson sources regarding corruption and bribery in the opium tradeplain2021-04-27T17:10:10-04:0024.86830, 118.67729Quanzhou1835-1838Peter D. ThillyJardine-Matheson CompanyKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:59-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fMalwa16Malwa was an alternate site of opium production in India, competing with BEIC product from Patna and Benares.plain2021-04-27T17:32:28-04:0022.71956, 75.85772Malwa06/15/1836Peter D. ThillyJardine, WilliamKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:59-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fLondon16London was the political and financial center of Jardine-Matheson's operationsplain2021-04-27T17:35:07-04:0051.5142, -0.0931London1837-1839Peter D. ThillyMatheson, JamesKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:59-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fPatna15A description of opium production in Patna, Indiaplain2021-04-27T17:25:35-04:0025.59409, 85.13756Patna04/26/1834Peter D. ThillyJardine, WilliamKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12019-11-18T17:22:55-05:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fBenares (Varanasi)15Benares (Varanasi) was one of the primary opium growing regions supplying the Calcutta opium market.plain2021-04-27T17:27:52-04:0025.3167, 83.0104Benares (Varanasi)10/19/1834Peter D. ThillyRees, JohnJardine, WilliamKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12020-07-22T12:21:35-04:00Peter Thilly31b16d536038527b575c94bfc34e976c8406bf42Brokers and Middlemen14Jardine-Matheson sources on local Chinese brokers and middlemenplain2021-04-27T17:01:28-04:001834-1838Peter D. ThillyKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
1media/DF-0026.jpg2020-04-30T18:05:23-04:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fPlace Annihilation11David Fedmanimage_header48972021-05-05T07:49:13-04:0035.6833, 139.7833Tokyo35.7167, 139.800040.21378, -112.75682Dugway Proving Ground, UT35.67268, 139.78661Sumida River08/194503/09/1945-03/10/1945David FedmanIshikawa, KōyōUnited States Army Air ForceKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12020-04-30T18:05:33-04:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fCrossing Thresholds11Kon Wajiro; Social science; Mitsukoshi; Gender; Social class.plain2021-05-15T15:00:37-04:0035.6856, 139.77341Tōkyō1928-1940Noriko AsoKon WajirōMitsukoshi Department StoreKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12020-04-30T18:06:01-04:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5f"Photograph of the Chinese Abductor of a [Japanese] Woman"11Report of Nagasaki Governor on Ogura Nobu's husband Chen Zhaopin, 1929-10-16.plain2021-05-20T18:20:57-04:0032.7500, 129.8667Nagasaki10/16/1929David R. AmbarasOgura NobuKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12020-04-30T18:05:23-04:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fThe Making of a Contested Territory10What defines a place?plain2021-04-20T00:56:06-04:0046.46918, 121.24832Xing'an1904-11/1928Shellen X. WuZhang ZuolinZou ZouhuaKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12020-04-30T18:05:11-04:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5f"Chen Wusong" arrives in Shanghai10Consular report on Ogura Nobu's arrival in and repatriation from Shanghai, 1929-09-16.plain2021-06-01T16:39:00-04:0031.2463, 121.49736Shanghai1929David R. AmbarasOgura NobuChen ZhaopinKate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5f
12020-08-09T11:18:48-04:00Michitake Asoc957806dd05559bbe07c540e9ab4cd46aae194d3Vectors of Invasion8US military propaganda film about its biological weapons programplain2021-04-14T09:01:29-04:0039.441169, -77.424356Frederick1946-1954Michitake AsoKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12020-04-30T18:05:19-04:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5f“Modernizing” Mongolians8How to carry out modernizing plans in Xing Anplain2021-04-20T01:04:38-04:0046.46918, 121.24832Xing'an1929-1930Shellen X. WuLattimore, OwenKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12020-04-30T18:06:13-04:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fOgura Nobu's Return Trip: Kobe8Report of Hyogo Governor on Ogura Nobu's arrival in Kobe, 1929-09-17.plain2021-05-20T17:46:43-04:0034.68601, 135.2143235.44262, 139.64637Osaka BayYokohama09/17/1929David R. AmbarasOgura NobuChen ZhaopinKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12020-04-30T18:06:13-04:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fOgura Nobu's Return Trip: Moji6Report of Fukuoka Governor on Ogura Nobu's passage through Moji, 1929-09-17.plain2021-05-20T17:36:32-04:0033.90306, 130.92685Kitakyushu, Fukuoka09/17/1929David R. AmbarasOgura NobuChen ZhaopinKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12020-04-30T18:05:23-04:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fConsular police missions in the wake of the Manchurian Incident6Tensions between Japanese investigators and Chinese villagers and security forces in Fuqing, 1932-1934.plain2021-05-20T18:30:32-04:0001/1932-06/1934David R. AmbarasItō ShigeruMatsumoto ShigeruKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12020-04-30T18:05:17-04:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fA Spatial Manifesto5An introduction to Cai Peihuo's 1928 Nihon honkokumin ni atau.plain2021-04-27T17:56:35-04:001925-1928Kate McDonaldCai PeihuoKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
12020-04-30T18:05:33-04:00Kate McDonald306bb1134bc892ab2ada669bed7aecb100ef7d5fEmbodied Mobilities4How to think about the materiality of movement? The Nihon Yūsen Kaisha's Shanghai ferry as example.plain2021-05-20T14:20:25-04:001928David R. AmbarasOgura NobuChen ZhaopinKandra Polatis4decfc04157f6073c75cc53dcab9d25e87c02133
